Ethical Dilemmas in Workplace - 1634 Words

Ethical Dilemmas in Workplace Personal values may conflict with ethical decision making if those personal values are different than the organizational norms of the business or institution. Constructing, and maintaining personal ethics in the workplace rests with the individual, and how willing he or she is in assimilating to the evolving cultural dynamic of the corporate world. Many times a person find their personal, cultural and/or organizational ethics conflicting and must reconcile a course of action that will mitigate cognitive dissonance. In order to be a productive member of society, in small groups and globally, one must reconcile these conflicts on a daily basis and continually move forward while maintaining personal integrity and†¦show more content†¦All employees were able to recognize and discuss ethics and ethical dilemmas in the company. There is no disconnect between what the organization did and what my personal ethics demanded. The company was able to reinstate trust and confidence among employees and restored a sense of ethical accomplishment in me. Ethical Issue 2: After taking job as a project manager with a consulting firm in 2004, I faced a very difficult ethical situation with my employer. The web application we were building for the client had serious design flaws and if deployed to production would cause major operational problems and severe financial damage to the client. In spite of knowing this, my company decided to go ahead and release it for production. I was instructed to not reveal any flaws in the system and instead paint a picture that the product had undergone rigorous quality checks and was production worthy. This decision was in direct conflict with my ethical values. I brought this matter to the immediate attention of the client since it violated contractual terms and my professional ethics. Being a certified project manager, I have to abide by the code of conduct from the Project Management Institute. Turn a blind eye to evil, and you may not be an accomplice. But you’re an enabler. Regardless of how the decision impacts, I cannot compromise my principles. I’d rather make personal sacrifices to my lifestyle than actShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace880 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many ethical dilemmas one can face while in a workplace. Some are easy to handle, while others do not have a quick solution. There are also many different interactions that can take place. Ethical dilemmas involving a request from a boss have proven to be difficult situations to handle. In the workplace, it is vital to have a strong relationship with a boss. This is what makes an unethical request from a boss such a hard situation to be put in. One wouldn’t want to sacrifice the relationshipRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas931 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas Workplace Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas are what happen when a person is faced with a decision that may press against their personal values or beliefs. At one of my previous jobs, there was a problem with employees conducting their personal business, errands, or hobbies all while on the company’s time. There were many times that people were caught shopping on company computers, playing games or accessing social networking sites, checking personal email accountsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Of The Workplace1213 Words   |  5 PagesLodino, Luiz Sekerka, Leslie Ethical Dilemma A. Identify and summarize key problem(s)/ issue(s): First and foremost Steve, did not consider his job as the best job ever, however he got away with such feeling once he started to create some affinity along his co-workers. Although the other employees were fun, they did not respect the company or management. The environment was loud, laid back in an extreme point where employees did not perform their duty, instead conversations, jokes, music, andRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma in the Workplace780 Words   |  4 PagesAn Ethical Dilemma In The Workplace The Dilemma; An Assistant Teacher, from my Counseling Ministry, has worked for twenty years in many types of school setting and with students from grades Pre-K to High school. During her career, she has encounter unfavorable encounters with her peers, parents and students. One particular incident she received a written reprimand from her supervisor. The supervisor stated she engaged in dishonorable conduct of insubordination. She refuses to abide by the instructionsRead MoreEthical Dilemma at the Workplace1714 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Examine an ethical dilemma that can occur in the workplace Ethical dilemmas are particularly sensitive issues in the workplace because the well-being of the individuals and the organization as a whole are at stake. Employees must feel as though they are being supported and not punished, and should not feel as though they were being put on display; their dignity should always remain intact. This paper examines how, as a high school principle, I would address the issue of one of the high schoolRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper1064 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper BSHS / 322 Marcia Winter Introduction Weve all heard the golden rules: In today’s society it is hard to find a good paying job. When one finds a good paying job, that person needs to do whatever he or she can do to keep that job. Ethics can be a problem in a workplace if someone is asked to do something that they do not feel is right. â€Å"Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices toRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages+ Workplace Ethical Dilemma Tanya W. Cooper BSHS/332 Professional, Ethical and Legal Issues in Human Services April 16, 2012 Kathleen Roberts Everyday individuals are faced with issues associated with ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas involve an individual’s behavior toward a moral standard, which may have been established from previous generations and passed along. In upholding the standards taught individual may be forced to take a particular action involving a decision when a behaviorRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of which

John Lewis Strategic Analysis - 912 Words

John Lewis Partnership Strategic Analysis APPENDIX (A) | Vision-Employee co—ownership with the happiness of partners as the ultimate purpose. (1) | Mission-Satisfying employment in a successful business. (1) | Value-Best possible choice, quality, trust, value and customers services. (1) | Corporate objectives-achieve success for John Lewis for building sustainable business for the long term, generating partnership value through consistent profitable growth, whilst marketing sure that our customers can always trust us to do the night time. | Appendix B | Political 1-The government regulation(2)2- changes in tax laws (3a)3-Special tariffs (4)4-Enviromental protection law (5)5-Political condition foreign countries (6a) |†¦show more content†¦John Lewis and Waitrose brand acceptance will help it to expend its market online easily | W.O 1. Acceptance of private label are expected to grow 40.2% by 2011, so price wouldn1t be a problem | Threats 1- Recessionary climate 2-Vat increase to 20% (3)3-Substitue produc ts more easily because of intense competition | S.T 1. Employees are the owner of John Lewis; their commitment will help to exist in the competition | W.T 1. In recession time more care should be taken to provide quality productAnd not to lose customers confidence | APPENDIX (E)Porter Five Forces | Threat of entry (Low) 1.Brand acceptance 2.Huge customer satisfaction (21) 3.Unique business model (1) 4. Quality is the main barrier to entrants. | Threat of substitutes(High)-Too many food amp;fashion retailers-Low switching costs-Specialist retailers of electrical amp; households like Curry’s, Comet and IKEA | Power of buyers(High)- 1-Brand, Quality and Customer service prevents John Lewis from high customer bargaining power. (16,20)2-Price matching of 1000 products with Tesco will lower the power (6d) | Power of suppliers(Low) -1.Own Textile factory Herbert Parkinson and a farm on the Leckford Estate. (1)2. Food suppliers power is low as there is many alternatives Branded e lectrical of LG, Siemens, Bosch, Panasonic has more bargaining power. (22) |Show MoreRelatedJohn Lewis1684 Words   |  7 Pagesprice of the products sold in John Lewis Stores will be the lowest in the neighborhood which even helped John Lewis to establish strongly in the British Market basically more amongst the middle class people. It has also been the motto and the slogan for the company for 76 years, since its establishment. A partner of John Lewis Partnership which even includes other stores like Waitrose, Greenbee. Every Employee who works at John Lewis is a partner in the company Read MoreJohn Lewis2068 Words   |  9 Pageschain analysis 3 4. Role of Information System 3 5. John Lewis3 6. The implementation of Michael Porter’s competitive five forces model5 6.1. Traditional competitors 5 6.2. New market entrants5 6.3. Substitute products and services 5 6.4. Customers5 6.5. Suppliers 5 7. Value chain analysis 5 8. Conclusion6 9. References7 1. Introduction. The John Lewis brand was founded in 1864 by John Spedan Lewis partnered with his two brothers in Oxford Street, London (John LewisRead MoreCompetitive Environment And Maintaining Customer Relationships1677 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction In today’s competitive environment, maintaining customer relationships is a key to business success because customers are considered as important strategic resources of a business. However, all business markets contain many subgroups of customers that behave differently, that have different ambitions, and have different purchasing behaviours. Hence, each subgroup must be treated differently in order to build strong customer relationships. To compete with rival businesses, it is vitalRead MoreInternal Strengths And Weaknesses Of John Lewis2210 Words   |  9 Pagesthe internal strengths and weaknesses of John Lewis and the external threats and opportunities for this organisation. Secondly, it will explore how John Lewis could use this SWOT analysis to benefit them in the future. Introduction John Lewis is a British department store that operates in the United Kindom and is well known for its ‘Never Knowingly Undersold’ policy that brings quality products to the UK high streets and online shopping. A SWOT analysis is intended to analyse the organisation sRead MoreEvaluating Greenby Education Department1538 Words   |  7 Pagesdedicating a percentage of each professionals work towards Consultation and Education (Lewis, p. 242). The process evaluation should include a strategy, which involves active participation from the workers, in the organization, in order to meet the objectives of the process evaluations. We will be utilizing and analysis, which is set in place by the expert consultants the director, has contracted. Strategic management is the art, science and craft of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functionalRead MoreAn Analytical And Conceptual Framework On The Possibility Of Employee- Ownership Influence On Organizational Loyalty2317 Words   |  10 Pages CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This thesis explores an analytical and conceptual framework on the possibility of employee- ownership influence on organizational loyalty as it applies to the modus operandi of John Lewis’ Partnership. There are divergent views about the influence of employee- ownership on organizational loyalty. Research suggests that ownership may influence organizational loyalty (e.g. Taylor, 2011) but it is not completely clear how, thereby promptingRead MoreJohn Lewis Gaddis s The Cold War1414 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Lewis Gaddis, is a leading American Historian of the Cold War. He is the Professor of history at Yale University. He is already the author of six books on the same subject. The Cold War: A New History, however, has been written on a less cosmic level. He has distilled a life time of research into this short but comprehensive book. He has given new avenues to old controversies in worldly and stylish, yet direct and plain-spoken manner. The book offers a lot of summaries to intricate historicalRead MoreCase Analysis : Vermont Teddy Bear Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive summary This paper consists of a case study of problems related to information and Technology in Vermont Teddy Bear (VTB). Vermont Teddy Bear was founded in 1981 by John Sarinto. John used to sell teddy bears by moving from one place to another carry them on his cart (Thomas, Wheelen Hunger, 2006). The work was tiresome and he faced a stiff competition from other business people who were also selling teddy bears. During his start of the business, he discovered how the American cultureRead MoreIb Hl History Ia1632 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States of America and the Soviet Union during the 1980’s. The use of historian argumentation, primary sources, such as Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security, and analytical essays by well known professors, such as John Gaddis’s excerpt from Major Problems in American History Since 1945 – titled â€Å"Ronald Reagan’s Cold War Victory† – will be utilized. The origins, purp oses, values, and limitations of those two pieces will be provided within the investigation. In orderRead MoreEssay BennettWeek2CaseAnalysis1379 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Name: Jacqueline Bennett Assignment: Week 2 Business Case Analysis Date Submitted: 11/3/2013 Course (include the section number: MBA526 Excellent work Jacqueline. With the airline industry, we have to be really current with articles leading up to 2012 (time period of the case study). And the de-bundling effort isn’t all profit but revenue. The difference between carrier operating costs is pretty low, so how does a continuing sustainable advantage get built when most customers do not differentiate

Representation of Home in Wuthering Heights free essay sample

Emily Bronte’s portrayal of the domestic space in Wuthering Heights, questions this ideal and subverts it in a number of ways. Although Mr Lockwood’s framing narrative in the novel is dated 1801-1802, and the events depicted in Wuthering Heights through Nelly Dean’s narrative begin some thirty years earlier, it must be remembered that the book was published in 1847. Emily Bronte was part of and acutely aware of this ideal and conventions of the time, illustrated clearly by the necessity for the book to be published under a pseudonym, as writing would not be considered an appropriate pastime for a lady. As Charlotte Bronte explained, ‘ we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell; the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because––without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called ‘feminine’–– we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice; (Bronte , E. (2009[1847]) Wuthering Heights, p. 302) The events of the novel all take place within the restricted geographical area of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and Emily Bronte sets up these two houses in direct opposition in order to explore the effects of unrestrained feeling, passion and the intrusion of outside forces on the prevalent societal order. Depicted through Lockwood’s narration in Gothic style, the Heights lacks hospitality and domestic comforts, and sets up a series of barriers gates, causeway, courtyard, grotesque carvings – to deter intrusion, when the defences are breached, visitors walk straight into he heart of the home, where ‘legs of beef, mutton and ham’ are all on display, uncarpeted with ‘primitive’ furniture (ibid. p. 3), the whole describes a wholesome and practical space, seemingly devoid of refinement. Sitting on a wild moor, its name is, ‘descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. ’ (ibid, p. 2). The reader enters Wuthering Heights with Lockwood, confronting unusual scenes and characters, later discovering that Lockwood’s attempts at interpreting the place and its inhabitants are a failure. As a southern urban ‘foreigner,’ this world is alien, demonstrated when he loses himself between the gates of his home and the actual house:, ‘The distance from the gate to the Grange is two miles: I believe I managed to make it four’ (ibid. p. 26). The stricture of his societal values make him unable to negotiate the landscape within or without Wuthering Heights. Through Nelly’s evidentiary narrative, we become aware that the introduction of an ‘outsider’ to the household precipitates events. Heathcliff’s arrival exposes the perception of familial harmony as a veneer. The children are aggressive at his arrival and the mother, the symbol of all that is good and benevolent, ‘was ready to fling it out of doors: she did fly up–– asking how he could fashion to bring that gipsy brat into the house, when they had their own bairns to feed, and fend for? ’ (ibid. p. 31). There is no motherly nurturing to a needy child, but a realisation that he can be a threat to her own children. From the first he is termed a gypsy (ibid. p. 3,31,34,). Later, Mr. Linton recognizes him as that strange acquisition a little Lascar, or an American or Spanish castaway' (ibid p. 44). Mr. Earnshaw’s trip to Liverpool introduces the world of trade and commerce and the foreign ‘other’ to the novel, bringing the public world into the Victorian domestic sphere thus disrupting the ‘ideal’. Thrushcross Grange boasts refinement, class and cultivation. Set in the sheltered valley, with a much more formalised layout, the sensibilities of both family and visitors are guarded from the basic practicalities of cooking and other chores by a more formal arrangement of rooms. The first impression of the Linton household is through Heathcliff’s eyes in direct contrast to Wuthering Heights: ah! t was beautiful––a splendid place carpeted with crimson, and crimson-covered chairs and tables’, (ibid. p. 41). The public face of Thrushcross Grange, however, is also a veneer as it conceals the true nature of the Linton family. As the children quarrel over a lap dog, they are exposed as spoiled and selfish by Heathcliff and Cath y. When caught spying, the ‘civilised’ inhabitants of the Grange also want Heathcliff ejected. As a young lady, Catherine is accepted, as the ‘other’ unknown quantity, Heathcliff, is not fit for their society. This is the house to which Cathy ties herself in her decision to conform to what society requires of her, rather than follow her heart and be with Heathcliff. It is her arrival at the Grange as the strange ‘other’ they cannot understand that disrupts this domestic space. Catherine does not feel at home anywhere:, ‘ heaven did not seem to be my home; and I broke my heart with weeping to come back to earth; and the angels were so angry that they flung me out, into the middle of the heath on the top of Wuthering Heights; where I woke sobbing for joy. ’ ( ibid. p. 71) As is typical in many Victorian novels, e. g. Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Jane Eyre, the characters in Wuthering Heights are all motherless. By removing the mother figure Emily Bronte immediately emphasises the lack of societal model of the mother being the centre of a stable home. Here motherhood equals death. The older Earnshaws and Lintons disappear from the narrative quickly, so all parental control has gone and the patriarchal structure is dismantled. Frances and Catherine die as their children are born and Isabella weakens and dies within a few years of Linton’s birth. The stabilising influence of ‘mother’ which Victorian society saw as a necessity for an ideal home is absent. When Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights he takes over the power and position of his father and he attempts to introduce some culture and civilisation along with a wife and future mother. Making servants stay separate to family members and content in his private world with his wife, he punishes and banishes Heathcliff who is again rejected from society. When Catherine declares,’ It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff, now’ (ibid. p. 71), her betrayal is the one rejection Heathcliff cannot endure. Heathcliff has no place, socially or biologically, in the society he has been introduced to. On his return, he uses the weapons and values of the very society which rejected him to exact his revenge (accumulation of wealth and property, marriage,). The fact that he is so ruthless strips any romantic sensibility from his character, even though Isabella Linton sees him as a Byronic hero, reflecting the Romantic literature she would have read as a cultured young lady. His return can be seen as a symbol of the fear of the upper classes at the rise of the dispossessed or disenfranchised, a real fear in society at the time following the French Revolution. He justifies his treatment of others as a sort of ‘dog eat dog’ mentality. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they dont turn against him, they crush those beneath them (ibid. p100) Wuthering Heights was never home to Heathcliff in the sense of a place of rest and comfort, only the place he has lived. He exists outside of the civilised world because of his ambivalent background, what da Sousa Correa calls, ‘the indeterminate array of possible origins’ (Watson, N. J. and Towheed, S. 2011 Romantics and Victorians, p. 380). In this sense he has only one true home, as has Cathy, the spiritual home – Cathy’s real home, her spiritual home, alive or dead, is with Heathcliff,. Earthly homes are closed to them. The wild Wuthering Heights is the home which produces the complex, strong characters of Catherine and Heathcliff, whilst the figures representing convention and culture – the Lintons and their facsimile, Lockwood- are fairly transparent and insipid. In the end the values of Thrushcross Grange prevail in the novel, with the second generation returning there, but it is seems clear that Bronte’s sympathies lie more with the passionate and more democratic Wuthering Heights. Over two generations, Wuthering Heights is a subversion of the home as a place of safety and sanctuary. Through her representation of the disrupted domestic space, the effect of the intrusion of the ‘other’ and the symbolism of the return of the repressed, Emily Bronte critiques the Victorian ideology of domesticity as a private feminine space separate from the public sphere, subverting the patriarchal family ideal and questioning the split between the private and public worlds and emphasising the danger posed to the family by the intrusion of the ‘other’. Bronte breaks through the perception of the idealised Victorian home and in many ways the novel can be seen as a portrayal of the failure of home and domesticity. Coventry Patmore’s ‘angel in the house’ is completely absent here. Word Count:1563.

The Kite Runner By John Kite Essay Example For Students

The Kite Runner By John Kite Essay The Kite Runner is an exceptionally intriguing book. It is an extremely irritating book with the majority of the realistic points of interest. You know when you re viewing a motion picture and somebody is getting tormented severely and there is blood all over the place and it is a truly realistic scene? Be that as it may, despite everything you observe despite the fact that it s gross since you need to see what is going to happen to the individual? That is the manner by which Kite Runner is for me. Despite the fact that the book is exceptionally aggravating in numerous parts I can t put it down in light of the fact that I need to continue pursuing to see what happens to the individual after the realistic and irritating scenes. Are the assault scenes irritating as well as the entire section on the Buzkashi competition. We will write a custom essay on The Kite Runner By John Kite specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Kite Runner does have a lot of violence in the book but even though the book is very violent, it s still a very good book and you can learn a lot of the significant value of the book.Amid the season of when this book happens in Afghanistan there were/are numerous individuals that are ignorant. Amir was knowledgeable and now and then exploited it. Since Amir was a great deal more keen that Hassan he was continually playing personality amusements with Hassan and he would succumb to them since he didn t generally know lies from reality. Assef helps me to remember Hitler in light of his state of mind and activities. Assef needed Afghanistan to be simply unadulterated afghan individuals and Hitler was the same way since he just needed immaculate Germans in Germany. However the clever part is they needed this yet in the meantime Assef was not immaculate afghan and Hitler wasn t unadulterated German. There were n. .mir is getting the opportunity to cherish Soraya more and their relationship is getting more grounded. It s verging on like Amir knows his dad will be gone soon so he is putting the adoration and continually attempting to please Baba into doing that for Soraya. Amir has a great deal of blended feelings while he is getting prepared for his wedding. Since Baba has passed on he is having a hard time to overthrow with that yet in the meantime is the happiest gentleman on the planet since he is wedding the lady he cherishes. Amir needs to sit and reflect and recall when his dad and him returned home for the service of giving the word Baba told Amir something essential. He told his that it was the greatest day of his life. This is vital now since this implied Baba endorsed of the wedding and we all realize that Baba s assessment matters a considerable measure to Amir.

How to make an indy film essays

How to make an indy film essays The sun shines through the streaked window of Dereks 1967 Chevy Nova as it cruises down main street. Theres an old barber shop on the corner, an old convenience store thats been passed on from generation to generation, a hardware store, Louies Pizza, Uncle Changs Tai food restaurant, an old diner, a jewelry store, and the laundry mat. There are two kids roller blading down the sidewalk, smiles on their faces, rubber wheels sailing across the cracked sidewalk. An old man, the owner, sits in his rocking chair outside of the hardware store watching with stern eyes as people walk by. A stout woman walks out of Uncle Changs probably after having her last meal before going on the Atkins diet, and a young man walks out of the jewelry store with a frown on his face but looks down at the small case hes carrying and smiles. You know what the best part about Canada is? Derek said. Other that the fact that they worship hockey? asked Marcus Well there is that, but thats not what I was thinking. Do you know how big the border between Canada and the U.S. is? Well I dont know either, but its pretty big. My point is that Canada has one of the largest unguarded borders in the world. Which means we should use it to our advantage. I have a feeling youve been planning something. But Im not sure if I like where youre going with this. Ill tell you all about it as soon as we take care of our little problem in the back. A muffled yelling begins to resonate in the car and theres quiet banging of metal. The car stops at the stoplight and all of a sudden the blue trunk of Dereks car flies open and a guy with rope tied hands and a bloody bag over his head jumps out and starts running down main street. ...

Every IB Economics Past Paper Available Free and Official

Every IB Economics Past Paper Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Taking the IB Economics exam will be nerve-wracking no matter what. However, taking practice tests with past papers beforehand will be a huge advantage since you'll know the test format and be used to the length and style of the test. In this guide, I will familiarize you with the IB Economics test format and let you know where to find past papers, both free and paid. I'll also give you tips on how best to use these IB Economics past papers for your preparation. Where to Find Free IB Economics Past Papers In recent years, the IBO has cracked down on past papers (illegally) uploaded outside of the IBO store, which means a lot of sources for free past papers have disappeared. At the same time, IBO has not uploaded any free sample past Economics papers on its website. (If and when IBO decides to make free IB Economics past paper resources available, we'll be sure to update this article.) We haven’t located any unofficial IB Economics past papers (ones created by people other than the IBO), but if you find any, don’t use them! They will probably be very different from the real IB Economics exam and will not be helpful for your preparation. Similarly, we don't recommend using anything that comes up when you search for IB economics past papers online. Because these resources are not being released directly by IBO, there's no guarantee they are real past papers (illegally uploaded); instead, they could be unofficial past papers that are not clearly labeled as such. Where to Find Paid IB Economics Tests You can find official IB Economics study resources, including practice questions, on the IB Follett online store. It's not the easiest site to navigate, but if you search "economics exam paper" or "economics markscheme" you'll be able to browse the various study resources available. Typically, each exam paper and each markscheme will cost you $3 (the exception is anything from the most recently released exam, which will be $3.99). Purchasing all papers and markschemes for a single test will cost you $18 for an HL test (or $12 for an SL test). Buying all the Economics exam papers and markschemes currently available in the IBO store will run you close to or over $100 (for SL and HL, respectively), so we recommend only purchasing the two most recent complete sets of past papers (currently November 2015 and 2016). In combination with good notes and study guides, two sets of practice papers should be plenty for most students. Do not spend this much! 3 Tips to Use IB Economics Past Papers Effectively Each full IB Economics practice test will take you three hours for SL or four hours for HL, so you need to be making the most out of each test. Some important tips to remember when you're doing the practice tests: Tip 1: Take Papers 1 and 2 (and 3, for HL) on Different Days The IB Economics test takes place over two days- for the most accurate picture of how you'll perform on the real exam, you need to write practice papers the same way. Don’t take all of the papers back to back. Take Paper 1 one day, and Paper(s) 2 (and 3 for HL) another day. Using this real testing schedule will help you feel comfortable and prepared for the real papers. Tip 2: Time Each Paper Exactly It's criticalthat you can handle the timing pressures of this test. The exact time allowed is: IB Economics SL IB Economics SL Paper 1- 1 hour 30 minutes IB Economics SL Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes IB Economics HL IB Economics HL Paper 1- 1 hour 30 minutes IB Economics HL Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes IB Economics HL Paper 3- 1 hour In this time frame, you need to finish: IB Economics SL SL Paper 1: two parts, Section A: answer one of two questions (each question has multiple parts), Section B: answer one of two questions (each question has multiple parts) SL Paper 2: two parts, Section A: answer one of two questions (each question has multiple parts), Section B: answer one of two questions (each question has multiple parts) IB Economics HL HL Paper 1: answer one of four questions (each question has multiple parts) HL Paper 2: answer three of six questions HL Paper 3: answer three of five questions (each question has multiple parts) Don't give yourself any extra time in your practice. If you give yourself extra time, you will not figure out your pacing. I want to these practice tests to be realistic predictors of your score. Mysid / Wikimedia Tip 3: Check Your Answers! After you finish a full test (end of Paper 2 for SL or end of Paper 3 for HL), review every mistake. If you skip this, you won’t learn from your mistakes, and you'll keep getting the same questions wrong. You should spend at least one hour reviewing scoring for the practice test. This is a bit of time, but you should be emphasizing the quality of practice over the quantity of practice. It's better to take two past papers with detailed review than four past papers with no review. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Economics: The Complete IB Economics Syllabus: SL and HL IB Economics Notes and Study Guide Learn more about the IB course offerings: The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Can I Get an Online IB Diploma? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Summary 1 page about movie called (secret) Essay

Summary 1 page about movie called (secret) - Essay Example cally the movie promotes the idea of law of attraction which states that an individual should be focused towards his/her aims, objectives and wants and will ultimately receive them. Although it may seem as if the movie is promoting the notion that if an individual remains focused on his/her aims and objectives and works hard for them, he/she will achieve it. But the movie actually promotes the idea that just by focusing on aims and objectives and without making effort and individual can gain anything he/she desires. The movie projects the incident of Morris Goodman who narrates his story in which he unravels the secret through which he heals the issue of paralysis. Interviews are conducted in the movie in which physicians as well as trainers provide insight regarding the secret and the arts and science that is involved in it. It covers several instances of people who have been able to achieve several aims and objectives through the application of the

Competition in Energy Drinks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competition in Energy Drinks - Case Study Example More consumers have developed preference for drinks other than carbonated drinks. The demand for alternative beverages in the US in 2009 contributed to the global demand considerably, with close to half of the demand for beverages coming from the US. Sales in the US made up 42.3% of the $40.2 billion in sales in 2009. The alternative beverage section changed the status-quo in the beverage industry, since it was, at the beginning, a unique product that offered better nutritional quality. The alternative beverage section of the beverage industry has unique economic characteristics too. To begin with, the growth of the segment depends on the purchasing power of the consumer. As more consumers become more economically empowered and their desire to have healthier lifestyles increases, they tend to switch from the carbonated drinks to the alternative beverages. Secondly, the alternative beverage section appeals to all age groups in the society (Christou & Vettas, 2003). Carbonated drinks are more associated with adults than school-going children because of the chemical components. Analysts in the industry project a decline in the sales figures for carbonated soft drinks and an increase in sales of sports drinks, ready-to-drink tea, energy drinks, bottled water, fruit juices, and vitamin-enhanced beverages among other types of alternative beverages, setting the ground for competition among companies producing alternative beverages. Competition in the beverage industry is considerably intense, with the established companies such as PepsiCo and Coca-Cola facing stiff competition from other companies such as Redbull (Gerber, 2010). Other companies other than PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and Redbull, with a 55% market share, dominate the larger share of the global market. In the United States, PepsiCo had the larger share at 47.8%, while the other companies had 31.5% of the total market share. Both

Mining Rare Earth Metals Essay Example for Free

Mining Rare Earth Metals Essay I believe that Canada should be involved in the rare earth metals mining industry. Rare earth metals are an essential part of everyday modern life (and of growing importance). They are used from everything from cell phones to environmentally friendly technologies such as wind turbines and hybrid engines. The mining of these metals would provide many benefits to Canada. It makes great economic sense because right now China is a supply and demand crisis so they are exporting less metal every year. If Canada were to enter the mining not only would it create thousands of jobs in one area where unemployment is a little bit of a problem but we could also pick up the slack of Chinas export problem and make billions. Besides the obvious economic implications, I believe that mining these metals cold have serious political and environmental benefits for us. China uses dangerous chemical to melt the earth around it, which could potentially leave a lasting impression on the surrounding area and any vegetation that might grow there in the future. So if Canada were to mine these metals I think we would be more respectful of the landscape. In today’s society reducing your environmental footprint is huge and in terms of rare earth metals there are many ways in which we can reduce our own. It starts by properly recycling our reusable electronics so the metals can be extracted or re used. Other ways would be to buy used electronics and not get every new gadget that comew out so there is less of a demand for the mining of rare earth metals. Given the pros of mining and the fact that they outweigh the cons, I believe that Canada should be involved in rare earth metals mining.

We Must Regain Our Lost Civil Liberties Essay -- Privacy Act, Patriot

With our nation’s tragedy of September 11, 2001, arose a deeply shaken America, shocked by the extent of the cruelty. An act of terrorism of that magnitude had never been seen before in our country. Patriots quickly came together, supporting the president to pass legislation, known as the USA Patriot Act, to tackle internal and external threats to this nation. The debate ensued, focused on which types of surveillance technology should or shouldn't be allowed for arresting terrorists. However, the question remains as to how these devices are going to be used, and how personally are those who use them held accountable. The purpose of this paper is to confirm that the proposed monitoring and archiving of users’ information on social networking sites would represent yet another erosion of our civil liberties for only a minor gain to our national security. The USA Patriot Act or simply the Patriot Act sanctions the use of wiretaps, additional surveillance of technology, such as voice mail and e-mail, trap and trace devices, and demands for educational and business records. The Department of Justice justifies that such actions in criminal investigations, have been used for years. However, this action comes under intense scrutiny by critics such as the ACLU who maintain that the secrecy surrounding the use of such tools as well as lower criteria for attaining the authority to use them â€Å"represents a broad expansion of power without building in a necessary privacy protection† (The USA PATRIOT Act: Myth vs. Reality, n.d.). The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001, 45 days after the terrorist attacks on September 11th. The debate over what the Patriot Act actually allows law enforcement officia... ...om http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1669540,00.html National Security. (n.d.). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/National-Security Presidential Powers, NSA Spying, and the War on Terrorism: Americans’ Attitudes on Recent Events – Overview. (2006). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/safefree/nsaspying/24262res20060224.html The New York Times (2009, December 12). Twitter Tapping. [Editorial]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/opinion/13sun2.html The USA Patriot Act. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/usapatriot The USA Patriot Act: Myth vs. Reality. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/subs/add_myths.htm

Linear Regression

Scatter Plots Linear regression Is a crucial tool In Identifying and defining key elements influencing data. Essentially, the researcher is using past data to predict future direction. Regression allows you to dissect and further investigate how certain variables affect your potential output. Once data has been received this information can be used to help predict future results. Regression is a form of forecasting that determines the value of an element on a particular situation. Linear regression allows us to create formulas to define the effects of a variable.Data analysis Is an Important concept In Improving business results. There Is no reason why we would not use the data to help forecast for the future. The information is available and reliable and will explain the breakdown of the entire business process. Break Even Calculations Break-even calculations are used to denote a firm's capital structure, to the extent to which fixed Income securities, debt and preferred stock, are used. The operating leverage can be depicted by graphs to demonstrate relevant probability distributions.Break even points are determined by the quantity measurement of operating income (BIT) being equal to zero, which applies that sales revenues are equal to costs. Break-even analysis, from an operational perspective focuses on the choice of processes, which Implies that the two processes have equal costs for a specific level of volume, referred to as the break-even point. To determine how much volume of business a company must do to break-even can be stated in either monetary units or product unit.The linear model that is utilized to conceptualize the processes denotes that the selling price per unit is constant. In other words the banks fixed costs are the predetermined Interest rates, which Is what the banks financial business depends upon. The variable costs remain constant, which refers to costs for labor. Fixed costs remain constant, which are the operation costs that do not change, such as facility operation costs, insurance and taxes on the facility, senior management salaries, and other overhead expenses.How Does this affect our business? If we go back to the topics we discussed during week two, our business, Diamond Banking, was Interested In the correlation between customer account balances and the number of ATM transactions occurring. Business executives for the company should be interested in using both Linear regression models and break even calculations to determine deferent aspects of the business model. We want to use linear regression to compare past data and net profit with current usage and profits gained.As with every business, we want to make sure that the amount of money we put into operating and servicing the Tam's does not amount to more than the profit we receive from consumers using them. This is where break even calculations would be useful. There are many more examples that we could use in our business practices, both everyday use s, and for yearly comparisons. Graphs, charts and equations models are essential in monitoring and understanding past business successes and failures, and must be used both in current and future annihilation of the business model. Linear Regression Introduction – DescriptionLinear regression is a basic linear approach used for predictive analysis. It is used to model the relationship between one dependant variable y and one or more independent variable denoted X. It is used to examine two things which are: Whether a set of predictor variables can predict an outcome (dependant) variable. To identify which variables are significant predictors of the outcome variable and how they impact the outcome variable. Simple linear regression is used to examine the relationship between a quantitative outcome (dependant) and a single explanatory (independent) variable. The formula is given by y=?_0+?_1 x+? Where y = estimated dependent, response, outcome variable score, ?_0 = constant, and it estimates the y intercept ?_1 = regression coefficient, and it estimates the slope x= score on the independent, predictor, or explanatory variable. ?= is the unexplained, random, or error component. We can get the values of x and y from a sample and the parameters ?_0 and ?_1 are estimated by using the method of least squares or another method. The resulting estimate of the model is given by y ?=b_0+b_1 xThe symbol y ? – pronounced y hat – refers to the predicted values of the outcome variable y that are associated with values ofx, given the linear model. Since linear regression models depend linearly on their unknown parameters they are easier to fit than models which are not linearly related to their parameters.Given n observations pairs (x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2 ),†¦,(x_n,y_n), the predicted response on the ith observation is given by y ?_i=b_0+b_1 x_iAnd the random error component will be given by?_i=y_i-y ?_iA line that fits the data â€Å"best† will be one for which the random errors are as small as possible in some overall sense and this is achieved through least squares. The method of least squares chooses the values forb_0, and b_1 to minimize the sum of squared errors.The Sum of Squares Errors (SSE) is given by the following formulaSSE=?_(i=1)^n(y_i-y ?_i)?^2=?_(i=1)^n(y-b_0-b_1 x)?^2 ?The SSE should be kept as minimal as possible in order to get the line of best fit. If the blue line is a regression line (line of best fit) the observations marked in red are assumed to have come as a result of random deviations – marked in green – from the underlying relationship between the response variable (y) and the predictor variable (x). Source: Wikipedia The regression parameters that give minimum error variance are: b_1=(xy-nx ?y ? ?)/(x^2-nx ?^2 ?) and b_0=y ?-b_1 x ?Where,x ?=1/n ?_(i=1)^n?x_i y ?=1/n ?_(i=1)^n?y_i xy=?_(i=1)^n?x_i y_ix^2 =?_(i=1)^nx_i?^2 History of Simple Linear Regression Models Regression through the use of method of least squares was first published by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1805 in his paper â€Å"New Methods for Determination of the Orbits of Comets†. In 1809 another mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss published method of least squares in his treatise, â€Å"Theory of the Motion of the Heavenly Bodies Moving About the Sun in Conic Sections,† even though Gauss claimed to have discovered it before Legendre. Both mathematicians used least squares in astronomical observations, to determine the orbits of comets and other planets about the Sun and also relative to the earth. They used the method of least squares to predict the position of comets, based on measurements of the comets' previous position. Gauss published a development of the least squares which included the Gauss Markov theorem. The first person to use the term â€Å"regression† was Francis Galton in the 1870s. He used regression to explain a biological phenomenon how â€Å"co-related† trees were to their parents. His findings were published in his 1886 paper Regression Towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature. Karl Pearson, Galton's colleague was the first to link regression with the method of least squares. He discovered that if you plotted the height of parents on the x-axis and their children on the y-axis, resulted in a line of best fit with a slope less than one when using least squares. R. A. Fisher a twentieth century mathematician combined the methods of Gauss and Pearson to develop regression methods as we know it today. Through Fisher's work, regression analysis is no longer limited to prediction and understanding correlations, but also used to determine the relationship between a factor and an outcome. Over the years regression has developed and it now includes logistic regression, non-parametric regression, Bayesian regression and regression that incorporates regularisation. Regression was used for manageable data sets but through technology and computerisation regression can be done on a large data set in less than a second. Uses of Simple Linear Regression ModelSimple linear regression is a model that can determine the relationship between two variables and how one can impact the other. Once the relationship has been determine and its strength verified a simple linear regression can be used to forecast the dependant variable when an independent variable changes. It can be used to predict trends and future values of a phenomenon. The uses of simple linear regression do overlap in practice. Simple linear regression is used across many fields of study and economy, these include – but not limited to – the following: In business and economics it can be used to determine the effect of marketing and pricing on the sales of a product. It can also be used to predict the consumer behaviour in relation to some changes in the different variables. In car sales industry it can be used to predict the car selling price given the odometer reading for used cars. In agriculture it can be used to predict the yield of crop against the amount of rainfall received in a particular season. In Crime Data Mining it can used predict the crime rate of a provinces based on drug usage, human trafficking, etc. Sports journalist and analysts also use regression to predict future results.These are the few applications where simple linear regression can be used but the list is endless. Generally it can be used to simplify, explain and predict many aspects in life. Linear Regression Simple linear regression is the statistic method used to make summary of and provide the association between variables that are continues and quantitative ,basically it deals with two measures that describes how strong the linear relationship we can compute in data .Simple linear regression consist of one variable known as the predictor variable and the other variable denote y known as response variable . It is expected that when we talk of simple linear regression to touch on deterministic relationship and statistical relationship, the concept of least mean square .the interpretation of the b0 and b1 that they are used to interpret the estimate regression . There is also what is known as the population regression line and the estimate regression line .This linearity is measured using the correlation coefficient (r), that can be -1,0,1. The strength of the association is determined from the value of r .( https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/stat501/node/250). History of simple linear regression Karl Pearson established a demanding treatment of Applied statistical measure known as Pearson Product Moment Correlation .This come from the thought of Sir Francis Galton ,who had the idea of the modern notions of correlation and regression ,Sir Galton contributed in science of Biology ,psychology and Applied statistics . It was seen that Sir Galton is fascinated with genetics and heredity provided the initial inspiration that led to regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation .The thought that encouraged the advance of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation began with vexing problem of heredity to understand how closely features of generation of living things exhibited in the next generation. Sir Galton took the approach of using the sweet pea to check the characteristic similarities. ( Bravais, A. (1846). The use of sweet pea was motivated by the fact that it is self- fertilize ,daughter plants shows differences in genetics from mother with-out the use of the second parent that will lead to statistical problem of assessing the genetic combination for both parents .The first insight came about regression came from two dimensional diagram plotting the size independent being the mother peas and the dependent being the daughter peas. He used this representation of data to show what statisticians call it regression today ,from his plot he realised that the median weight of daughter seeds from a particular size of mother seed approximately described a straight line with positive slope less than 1. â€Å"Thus he naturally reached a straight regression line ,and the constant variability for all arrays of character for a given character of second .It was ,perhaps best for the progress of the correlational calculus that this simple special case should promulgated first. It so simply grabbed by the beginner (Pearson 1930,p.5). Then it was later generalised to more complex way that is called the multiple regression. Galton, F. (1894),Importance of linear regressionStatistics usually uses the term linear regression in interpretation of data association of a particular survey, research and experiment. The linear relationship is used in modelling .The modelling of one explanatory variable x and response variable y will require the use of simple linear regression approach .The simple linear regression is said to be broadly useful in methodology and the practical application. This method on simple linear regression model is not used in statistics only but it is applied in many biological, social science and environmental research. The simple linear regression is worth importance because it gives indication of what is to be expected, mostly in monitoring and amendable purposes involved on some disciplines(April 20, 2011 , plaza ,).Description of linear regression The simple linear regression model is described by Y=(?0 + ?1 +E), this is the mathematical way of showing the simple linear regression with labelled x and y .This equation gives us a clear idea on how x is associated to y, there is also an error term shown by E. The term E is used to justification for inconsistency in y, that we can be able to detect it by the use of linear regression to give us the amount of association of the two variables x and y .Then we have the parameters that are use to represent the population (?0 + ?1x) .We then have the model given by E(y)= (?0 + ?1x), the ?0 being the intercept and ?1 being the slope of y ,the mean of y at the x values is E(y) . The hypothesis is assumed is we assume that there is a linear association between the two variables ,that being our H0 and H1 we assume that there is no linear relationship between H0 and H1. Background of simple linear regression Galton used descriptive statistics in order for him to be able to generalise his work of different heredity problems .The needed opportunity to conclude the process of analysing these data, he realised that if the degree of association between variables was held constant,then the slope of the regression line could be described if variability of the two measure were known . Galton assumed he estimated a single heredity constant that was generalised to multiple inherited characteristics . He was wondering why, if such a constant existed ,the observed slopes in the plot of parent child varied too much over these characteristics .He realise variation in variability amongst the generations, he attained at the idea that the variation in regression slope he obtained were solely due to variation in variability between the various set of measurements . In resent terms ,the principal this principal can be illustrated by assuming a constant correlation coefficient but varying the standard deviations of the two variables involved . On his plot he found out that the correlation in each data set. He then observe three data sets ,on data set one he realised that the standard deviation of Y is the same as that of X , on data set two standard deviation of Y is less than that of X ,third data set standard deviation of Y is great than that of X . The correlation remain constant for three sets of data even though the slope of the line changes as an outcome of the differences in variability between the two variables.The rudimentary regression equation y=r(Sy / Sx)x to describe the relationship between his paired variables .He the used an estimated value of r , because he had no knowledge of calculating it The (Sy /Sx) expression was a correction factor that helped to adjust the slope according to the variability of measures .He also realised that the ratio of variability of the two measures was the key factor in determining the slope of the regression line . The uses of simple linear regression Straight relapse is a typical Statistical Data Analysis strategy. It is utilized to decide the degree to which there is a direct connection between a needy variable and at least one free factors. There are two sorts of straight relapse, basic direct relapse and different straight relapse. In straightforward direct relapse a solitary autonomous variable is utilized to anticipate the estimation of a needy variable. In numerous straight relapse at least two free factors are utilized to anticipate the estimation of a needy variable. The contrast between the two is the quantity of free factors. In the two cases there is just a solitary ward variable The needy variable must be estimated on a nonstop estimation scale (e.g. 0-100 test score) and the free variable(s) can be estimated on either an all out (e.g. male versus female) or consistent estimation scale. There are a few different suppositions that the information must full fill keeping in mind the end goal to meet all requirements for straight relapse. Basic straight relapse is like connection in that the reason for existing is to gauge to what degree there is a direct connection between two factors. The real contrast between the two is that relationship sees no difference amongst autonomous and subordinate factors while direct relapse does. Specifically, the reason for direct relapse is to â€Å"anticipate† the estimation of the reliant variable in light of the estimations of at least one free factors. When you procure me to do the measurable investigation for your exposition, I ensure that I will utilize the fitting factual tests for your thesis comes about section. I can perform basically any standard measurable examination (utilizing SPSS) and I give on ¬ going factual help to guarantee that you completely see the greater part of the measurements that I regression.

Egyptian government Essay

Though the New York Times also covers the international health view in reporting that the World Health Organization has gone on record stating that the slaughtering of the nation’s pigs has â€Å"no scientific basis† and that the United Nations describes the government executed slaughter as being a â€Å"real mistake†. The periodical touches lightly on the issues and views of international health organizations but focuses more on the lack of compensation received and the plight of the poverty stricken pig farmers. They report that when talk of a cull first began it was said that the Egyptian Health ministry promised that the farmers would indeed be compensated for the confiscation of their livestock, but upon experiencing some varied measure of resistance or implied disagreement from Parliament it is as yet unclear whether or not the pig farmers will ever see that compensation. The New York Times also presents the firsthand account of the pig farmers by interviewing a 26 year old Manshiet Nasser farmer, by name of Barsoum Girgis, who makes his living as a pig farmer and garbage collector. Girgis has gone on record stating that the Egyptian government is wrongfully going after the livelihood of the farmers. It is his, and other farmers’ belief that the pigs are perfectly healthy and he is left wondering how he will ever afford to feed his family and send his children to school without the availability and resource that he once had in his livestock. The newspaper shines a spotlight on how the farmers live, residing in an area where trash collecting is dependent upon people like Barsoum Girgis, who, when he had his livestock, would awaken every morning before dawn to comb the streets of Cairo for goods that he could sell to scrap yards for money and food scraps that he could use as pig feed. They also shine a light on the divisions between the Egyptian classes and the way that poor people are viewed within the nation. They have quoted Egypt’s Agriculture Ministry’s Head of Infectious Disease Saber Abdel Aziz-Galal’s as saying that it is his thought that the confiscated pigs should be taken to be raised on â€Å"good farms, not on rubbish†. Unlike any of the other newspapers, The New York Times takes the slaughtering of hundreds of thousands of livestock, that was supposed to be an effort to safeguard against the infestation of swine flu, and turns it into a personal attack against the farmers who are raising the livestock. This has become one of those clear cases in which the lowest of classes is targeted and further oppressed. Barsoum Girgis’ feelings echo this sentiment in his statement, â€Å"we are Christian, and we are the underclass, so it’s very easy to go after us†. It’s amazing how the New York Times article so eloquently portrayed the Egyptian government as classist and egregious.

Gentlemans Agreement essays

Gentlemans Agreement essays Philip Greenwood is a magazine reporter that is offered a job in New York to publish a series on anti-Semitism. Greenwood is having a hard time finding an angle approaching the Hebrew religion. After several nights of no leads he decides to write his good friend from childhood and wants to ask, what is it like to be Jewish? Realizing just before he begins to type, there is no way of fully understanding what it feels like to be a minority unless he pretends to be Jewish himself. In order for him to make this project work few people know the truth about the new man that has arrived in New York City. Philip is a tall slender man with dark features such as his hair and eyes. He is able to pass as Jewish. What Greenwood doesnt realize is that it will effect his entire life style and the ones he loves. The project is under way, and he notices that with in one day word has spread throughout the entire magazine company that a new Jewish man has been assign an article to publish. Problem after problem start to occur after Philips little boy comes home from school confused on what religion he is. Greenwood explains to Tommy that in order to fully understand what it feels like to be Jewish he is acting as though he of the same religion. Philip has little problems along the way, until Dave is back from being over seas. Dave is the long time friend who faces the cruel world every day by being Jewish. Dave and Philip and another reporter go out on the town for a couple of drinks to talk about the old times. While Dave is sitting down in a chair, a rude man bumps in to him and asks his name. After hearing his last name the man was ready to fight. Philip had to step in between the two. He soon realized that anti-Semitism is no joke. Greenwoods project had been going along for about one month and he and his soon to be wife were having difficult times as well. P ...

11 Circle Expressions

11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions By Maeve Maddox A circle is a perfectly round plane figure. The fact that a circle may be drawn from beginning to end without a break makes it a powerful symbol. The word circle occurs in many English idioms, often as a symbol of wholeness or repetition. 1. the circle of life: the cycle of reproduction and survival, from birth to death. 2. circle of hell: a place of punishment in the afterlife, from The Inferno. Dante describes nine circles or areas in which souls are punished according to the nature of their sins. 3. family circle: a theatrical term to describe the seating area farthest from the stage (aka â€Å"upper circle†). In general usage, family circle refers to a person’s closest family members. The word circle can refer to any intimate group of friends. The expression â€Å"inner circle† refers to a small influential group of people who run things in politics, business, or the like. 4. vicious circle: in logic, a vicious circle results when a false premise is followed by a true premise. In general usage, a vicious circle refers to a situation in which no progress or improvement can be made. Sometimes the expression â€Å"vicious cycle† is used instead. 5. to run circles around: to surpass with little effort. Similar term: â€Å"to run rings round.† 6. to come full circle: to complete a series of events; to come back to one’s starting place. 7. to go in circles: to repeat the same action without arriving at the desired place. 8. to square the circle: to attempt the impossible. Other expressions draw on the verb circle, â€Å"to put a circle around something† or â€Å"to move in a circular direction.† 9. to circle the drain: to be on the way out. The image is that of the last of the water draining from a bathtub. 10. to circle the subject: to avoid saying anything specific about a topic of discussion. 11. to circle the wagons: to take a defensive position. The image is that of migrating American settlers arranging their wagons in a circle as a barricade against attacking Indians. Note: The expression â€Å"to circle the wagons† is seen frequently in headlines and in articles about economics. The economists seem to view the American economy â€Å"as a fortress, a circle of wagons, as  it were, that can be readily defined and defended† (Robert Reno, Newsday). Contemporary American Indians often find this expression offensive. Here are some examples of these expressions gathered from the Web: Raising Backyard Chickens to Teach Children the Circle of Life If the road to publication is comprised of all the circles of hell, the first circle, I am telling you, is the â€Å"not right for me† or â€Å"didn’t connect with the voice† circle. Our sincere thoughts and prayers are with the Paisley family and the wider family circle. The conditions exist for a vicious circle involving voting and civic duty, whereby nonvoters decrease their belief in the importance of voting and therefore become less likely to vote in future elections. Ray Allen Running Circles Around Garnett, Pierce, Nets so Far Fifteen years ago, Ana Patricia Botà ­n was pushed out of her senior job at  Banco Santander  Ã‚  by the banks chairman, who also happened to be her father. On Wednesday, Ms. Botà ­ns career came full circle, with her being named chairman  after her fathers sudden death. To be fair and to bring the story full circle, many of Browns accomplishments had their origins in Browns administrations in the 1970s and early 80s.   Washington state goes in circles over drone regulations. Pensions and Social Care for the Elderly: Trying to Square the Circle Circling the Drain: Can the Euro Be Saved, Or Is It Doomed? There’s been a lot of talk this year about online learning at Concordia. Board of Governors and Senate meetings keep circling the subject. US investors circle the wagons, hope Fed rides to rescue Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireThat vs. WhichWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Market Power, Price Discrimination, and Alocative Efficiency in Assignment

Market Power, Price Discrimination, and Alocative Efficiency in Intermediate-Goods Market - Assignment Example Such firms are usually said to have the capabilities of affecting either the standing market price or the total quantity of products within the market single handedly. Price discrimination is described as a situation whereby identical goods from the same organization exist in the market but sold at different prices. This mainly occurs in monopolistic or oligopolistic markets. With reference to the guidelines given, this paper will critically analyze the Market power, price discrimination, and allocative efficiency in intermediate-goods market while thinking about it in an economic way. In addition to this, the paper will aim at establishing how this topic will be a motivation to the marketing manager of an organization (Katz 2007). The party that would be interested with this topic is the marketing manager of an organization that has a command in the market. ... Such aspects balance the consumer’s ability to buy products, as, due to differentiated prices in the case of price discrimination, the consumers, regardless of their income levels, they are able to afford a good or a service. For instance, in the case of students, firms often reduce their products and services by 10% for the sake of students. They are typical examples of individuals in the society with low incomes. Due to this fact, their demands can be said to be more elastic. Due to reduced prices, they are able to access these services as well as products due to the reduced prices (Rey and Verge, 2008). Further, this topic, especially the market power, is essential as studying about it ensures that the marketing manager, or any one given the mandate to see an organization attain a commanding lead in the market, obtains appropriate information on how his company can generate sizable or substantial benefits in its operations while experiencing relatively low levels of liabili ties. . General Setting This topic is underlain in monopoly aspect of macroeconomics. To understand this, it is essential that one take on each notion at a time. Market power; commonly, market power is usually referred to as monopoly power. An organization with market power is usually said as having control putting the terms as well as conditions of exchange into consideration. As such, such an organization can effectively raise the prices of its products as well as its services and still not lose its clients. On the other hand, the company can reduce the prices and still not cause a price war amongst the competitors, which is usually ruining. When an organization offers a differentiated product or a service to the market, it is

What caused the Great Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-8 Essay - 1

What caused the Great Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-8 - Essay Example The role of the Indian sepoys was a central one as without their initial rising, other classes would not have been able to initiate such a high level of revolt. The hatred of sepoys attracted all other classes as well and this in turn resulted in the great sepoy rebellion and one of the major rebellions in the history of India. It is often referred to as the first Indian nationalist uprising. Although people from all over India were involved, the major areas of rebellion included the Northern areas of India and Bengal. The Indian sepoys tried to popularize the event by asking the last Mughal emperor to re-establish the Mughal Empire. Through this, they did gain wider support; however, the emperor did not have much power left. Therefore, the revolt was not successful to be turned into a widespread national revolt as the British were able to control it to some extent. Although the rebellion started as a military cause, it took on hold as majority of Indians joined this to show their resentment against the British. After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British took hold of Bengal and took advantage by introducing reforms and policies against the peasants and traders. Along with this, other major causes including religious, political, social resulted in the great rebellion of 1857. The most important cause of this great rebellion included the growing resentment of the Indian sepoys towards their British masters. These sepoys were basically peasants and therefore, supported the farmer community of India at that time. Therefore, the adverse policies of the British government for the agricultural sector greatly affected the feelings of the sepoys as well as they could relate to the actual feelings of the farmer community. Secondly, these sepoys were greatly dissatisfied with the discriminatory promotion and payment policies. The European soldiers were paid more salary although the majority chunk of the work was done by the

The life Winston experienced in 1984 which has a parallel in Essay

The life Winston experienced in 1984 which has a parallel in contemporary American life - Essay Example Technological innovations have deeply impacted the life of the people all over the world, and it has proved to be the single important factor in â€Å"uniting† the world. Even though â€Å"the world is one family,† is the often-repeated slogan, technology and internet revolution have achieved that goal to a great extent in their areas of influence without ever pronouncing it, and without any supporting propaganda. Weaponry and strategies play a prominent role during wartime, and propaganda has even bigger influence. Misinformation to misguide the enemy contributes in a major way to confuse the enemy. A misinformed enemy is the greatest asset to gain advantage in war-situations. Being in Britain, George Orwell watches from close range how the operations in theaters of Second World War are conducted by the powers that have major stakes in the outcome of the war. The broadcasts of BBC are greatly influenced by the dictates of the Government for its overseas propaganda. Per verse double talk is the order of the time. Orwell’s model for the lying Ministry of Truth in his book 1984 is the British wartime Ministry of Information that censors BBC broadcasts. Politicians alone cannot be blamed for the grave societal ills that are always there. Democracy is not choosing one of the two evils (political parties) once in 4-5 years. It is about active participation of the people and their willingness to protest against the smallest deviations relating to the democratic norms in any area concerning the Republic. Life for an average citizen has mostly been the same under all systems at any given time during the course of history—that is, BAD! 1984 and the conditions prevailing in America at present corroborate this fact. The people have got to be ever vigilant and keep themselves in readiness to fight for their rights. 1984 The common man, an ordinary citizen, always receives the first blow and suffers and therefore, he has to remain ever vigilant an d guard his individual freedom and other democratic rights. George Orwell is a revisionist. Officially sponsored atrocity and hate propaganda are not to his liking. History is not imagination; it needs to be subject to free and impartial enquiry and that is possible under the conditions of freedom of speech and writing. Every era has serious issues to deal with, or the issues are made serious by the rulers of the time. As for the political game, one important observation holds good for all the time, past present and future. The â€Å"Powerful Chairs† (politicians and bureaucrats) wish to maintain their hold on â€Å"Chair- less Powers† (the common citizens) for self-aggrandizement. In the present context, they extensively use the economic weapon called corruption. Take the issue of drug culture. Drugs in any form are illegal and they are confiscated and destroyed; besides the involved individuals are arrested and severe punishment follows, upon indictment. In this area , the Government is not willing to accept any new ideas and the drugs are banned outright. Banned in paper, and yet the industry thrives, due to corrupt practices at the implementation level. After the 9/11 incident, the life of the section of citizens and immigrants has been put under legal microscopic examination. The curbs are more or less similar to the ones in vogue as described in the book

Are Computers Making People Dependent On Technology?

Are Computers Making People Dependent On Technology? Technology comes in many forms and no aspect of our lives is untouched by some form of technology or another. Technology is defined as the practical application of science to commerce or industry. Technological development into present day has been meteoric to say the least. With the advancements of nearly every aspect of human life having some tie with technology, one might start to see a synergistic relationship between humans and technology. However, while some would believe this relationship has been beneficial for us, we believe there have been detrimental effects from our growing dependence on technology. Technology is changing our culture in such a way that we may be expected to be available and online at anytime of the day or night. The technologies that started out to provide assistance in completing our daily tasks have now become a vital part of survival. This paper argues that humans have formed a detrimental symbiotic relationship with technology in its many forms. This paper will investigate the changes that technology has affected, and show that we are becoming less dependent on ourselves and more detrimentally dependent on our technological accomplishments. The way society does business and commerce is very dependent on the reliability on technology and thus, technology failures will cause markets to stop and bring the whole economy to a halt. Vital banking transactions and services may stop and cause wastage in human resources and time. For example, even though the exact reason is still disputed, London Stock Exchange (LSE) had to stop trading on the 8th September 2008. The two main reasons were due to the network software issues that link data from many programs as explained by LSE while the other was due to buggy software upgrade as speculated by external professionals. This had left traders unable to conduct any business which intriguingly could have been one of the best days for markets around the world after a bail out of two large United States mortgage lenders. Reliability of technology cannot be guaranteed at all times. Technology crashes can also cause big companies to lose billions of dollars. An example event known as the Flash Crash (Nanex) on 6th May 2010 illustrates this point. Just hours before the market closed, the market plunged drastically by an average of 5.7% causing major markets around the world to go into a state of panic anticipating an imminent European financial crisis and caused great loses to companies. An investigation was done by Nanex (Nanex) stating that the crash may be due to a software design flaw in time-stamping procedures that accumulated to become a problem. Backlogged requests caused a long queue in the computer server and produced non consistent results to the requester. This further evidenced that such a dependency on technology is detrimental to the society as sudden reliability issues can create chaos all around the world or even cripple an economy. Research shows that people consume 12 hours of media a day, on average, and compared to just five hours in 1960. Rising income in the developed world has led to an increase number of peoples ability to afford personal computers, and connecting them to the World Wide Web (WWW). Rising incidences of internet addiction in one of the worlds largest growing economies, China, illustrates our point. Of the greater than 300 million internet users in China, there are over 40 million who play online games (Sheridan). That makes over 40 million young, impressionable youngsters in China online daily, playing games, mingling in chat rooms, replacing their reality with an online substitute. Communication and socializing becomes something which can be replaced by actions online. One can imagine how suggestible adolescents can find a life online to be appealing. Common adolescent angst from the real world can be replaced by a life online. Addiction is a term describing a physical or physiological de pendence on something habit forming. One may argue that this addiction, to computers in this case, may simply be a phase. However, it can be seen as a serious condition when one considers the fact that centres for dealing with this type of addiction are springing up, some of which are a sub-facility under centres that treat addictions which have long been accepted as severe, such as drugs and alcohol. If the treatment for this is similar to other addictions which are widely accepted as bad, why is this phenomenon not receiving as much attention? Multitasking is a skill often prized in todays fast paced society. However, studies have shown that our brain on computers operate differently from a natural brain. The attention of the present generation is often split between multiple information sources, and it seems vital to be able to be able to manage them all, be they instant messaging (IM), checking e-mails, reading the news, taking phone calls, and so forth. However, some scientists say that these short bursts of information, leading our attentions in many directions, are changing the way we think and operate. Research shows that people who are heavy multitaskers have problems focusing and selecting relevant information. Researchers claim that after prolonged exposure to this kind of operation, the brain is re-wired and the problems associated with multitasking, such as lack of focus are then carried into the natural state of the brain. In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Ophira, Nass , and Wagner), a group of over 250 students were surveyed to study the effects of multitasking. The results clearly illustrated our point; that the lightest multitaskers were able to perform better than the heavy multitaskers in simple psychological tests. The tests highlighted the fact that multitaskers were less able to filter out unrelated information. Furthermore, other tests conducted showed that the heavy multitaskers continuously sought new information, instead of using older, more valuable information. Our reliance on technology has dramatically improved communication, making it more robust, efficient and informative. In the current times, the ease of communication has allowed vast amount of data and information to be transmitted all over world instantly. For example, soldiers fighting the war in the Middle East are able to call using Voice-Over-Internet-Protocol and webcam technology to communicate with family members. This has allowed families to be assured that their loved ones are safe especially when news of casualty can be broadcasted within minutes, 24 hours a day. However, with the current efficiency of instant messaging and social networking, more and more people are becoming overly dependent up to the point of addiction. Issues have been raised over employees spending up to 40 minutes per week on social networking sites during working hours, costing employers an estimated US$2.25 billion. The loss in productivity arises not only from the direct loss in the hours working but also from the reduced productivity of employees from social networking sites becoming an additional distraction. On the other hand, social networking sites are also becoming excellent resources for human resource manager as it offers revealing information of potential and current employees social activity. Furthermore, it has been linked to another issue of society becoming dependent on social networking and posting potentially sensitive personal information such as where one is at or what one is doing. The dependence on technology for communication in the society has also meant that humans are increasingly communicating through a device; which reduced human to human first hand interaction. The decrease of interpersonal interaction in turn reduces ones interpersonal skill which is one of the most basic and fundamental way of communication (Wheeler). Interpersonal communication cannot replace communication through emails, text messages and calls as 55% of the communication is conveyed through body language. Eye contact, gestures and facial expressions and the use of tone and inflections in voice communication are often lost through modern communication technology resulting in less expressive communication or miscommunication. In conclusion, we believe that we have presented facts which support our argument that we have grown detrimentally dependent on technology. We have explored the many facets of technological development which are firmly embedded in most aspects of modern life, and we have strived to analyze how the effects of these developments are detrimental on society. We maintain that the ramifications of our reliance on new medicine, social media, and technology in education, commerce and communication are a disservice to society. While we think that these bindings are detrimental, we do not support a complete disconnection from them. We conclude with the fact that while there are indeed benefits to be had from these advancements, but we, as a society should learn to harness the useful ones, instead of allowing them all to run our lives.

Optional Helmet Law Is a Disaster for Pennsylvania Essay -- Argumentat

Optional Helmet Law Is a Disaster for Pennsylvania 1. September 4, 2003 was a sad day for Pennsylvanians. Governor Rendell signed the new motorcycle helmet law into effect, sentencing riders to death and increasing the tax burden caused by this new law. Pennsylvania is the 31st state to repeal its all-rider helmet law (Berenson 2). The new law states â€Å"no helmet is required for a person 21 years of age or older who has been licensed to operate a motorcycle for not less than 2 full calender [sic] years or has completed a motorcycle rider safety course approved by the Department of Transportation or the Motorcycle Safety Foundation† (Lobel 3). This new helmet law has increased accident fatalities and the burden on taxpayers. 2. Motorcycle fatality rates due to riding without a helmet are quickly rising. Nationally, motorcycle fatalities have increased 59 percent since 1997 (Motorcycle 1). Between September and December of 2003 in Pennsylvania, helmetless rider fatalities more than doubled, but fatalities decreased in riders wearing helmets (Wlazelek 1). Similarly, research done by the American Journal of Public Health found that motorcycle helmets severely reduce the presence and severity of head injuries resulting from motorcycle accidents (Rowland 4). Obviously, there is strong correlation between helmet use and the number of fatal crashes. The research done across Pennsylvania in the years following the repeal of the all-rider helmet law suggests that helmets do in fact decrease the risk of serious head injuries and death among motorcyclists. According to Judith Stone, increased deaths were enough for Louisiana to reject helmetless riding and revert back to an all-rider helmet law. Louisiana saw a 100 per... ...aw Repeal Concerns Region’s Hospitals. 17 June 2003. 4 October 2004. . Rowland, Jefferson, Frederick Rivara, Phillip Salzberg, and Robert Soderberg. â€Å"Motorcycle helmet use and injury outcome and hospitalization costs from crashes in Washington State.† American Journal of Public Health 86.1 (1996): 41-42. Proquest (general). Penn Coll. Lib., Williamsport. 4 October 2004. . Stone, Judith Lee. Special Commendation to Louisiana Legislature and Governor Blanco For Reinstatement of Lifesaving All-rider Helmet Law. 18 June 2004. 4 October 2004. . Wlazelek, Ann, and John L. Micek. Optional helmet law effect unknown. 30 August 2004. 29 September 2004. .

Concept Map Tuberculosis

Schiffman, George. (07, 2011). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. medicinenet. com/tuberculosis/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ Schiffman, George. (07, 2011).Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. medicinenet. com/tuberculosis/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ IMPLEMENTATION -Assess respiratory rate every 10-15 minutes Continuously note chest movement and use of accessory muscles during respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note any areas with adventitious sounds, especially wet crackles -Document any respiratory secretions such as sputum: amount, character, and consistency -Keep patient in high Fowler’s position to allow optimum breathing -Check for obstructions or accumulation of sputum -Ask patient level of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10 -Record medication administrations and if therapeutic effects are occurring -Describe procedures and treatment expectations Encourage patient to follow drug regimens IMPLEMENTATION -Assess respiratory rate every 10-15 minutes -Continuously note chest movement and use of accessory muscles during respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note any areas with adventitious sounds, especially wet crackles -Document any respiratory secretions such as sputum: amount, character, and consistency -Keep patient in high Fowler’s position to allow optimum breathing -Check for obstructions or accumulation of sputum -Ask patient level of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10 Record medication administrations and if therapeutic effects are occurring -Describe procedur es and treatment expectations -Encourage patient to follow drug regimens PLANNING -Goals include treating any abnormal results such as dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities found with little or no side effects -Help patient in making lifestyle changes that include making a safer work and home environment and getting the people who have the most contact with the patient treatment PLANNING Goals include treating any abnormal results such as dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities found with little or no side effects -Help patient in making lifestyle changes that include making a safer work and home environment and getting the people who have the most contact with the patient treatment TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS Ineffective airway clearance related to poor cough ef fort as evidenced by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for infection related to settled secretions as evidenced by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient knowledge related to condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge needs as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements about the problem, and the development of preventable complications DIAGNOSIS -Ineffective airway clearance related to poor cough effort as evidenced by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for infection related to settled ecretions as evidenced by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient knowledge related to condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge needs as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements about the problem, and the development of preventable complications ASSESSMENT -Check for vitals; check for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Assess for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has elevated shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum Check for restlessness, irritability, or anxiousness -Report history of the patient, any existing illnesses such as pneumonia, cancer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle ASSESSMENT -Check for vitals; check for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Assess for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has elevated shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum -Check for restlessness, irritability, or anxiousness Report history of the patient, any existing illnesses such as pneumonia, cancer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle NURSING PROCESS NURSING PROCESS EVALUATION -Assess if medication and procedures are performing therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal ra nges -Check if patient’s secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patient’s restlessness and irritability was alleviated -Check if patient is continuously taking prescribed medications to prevent spread of disease EVALUATION Assess if medication and procedures are performing therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal ranges -Check if patient’s secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patient’s restlessness and irritability was alleviated -Check if patient is continuously taking prescribed medications to prevent spread of disease ETIOLOGY -Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. uberculosis) by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have active TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, nursing home residents, prison inmates, alc oholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugs ETIOLOGY Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have active TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, nursing home residents, prison inmates, alcoholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugsPATHOGENESIS -Droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air and are taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli reach alveoli where macrophages take them up; ba cilli then multiply and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and finally to distant organs; can remain ‘alive’ or become ‘inactive’ -Immune system responds which causes damage to the tissues; cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infectionPATHOGENESIS -Droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air and are taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli reach alveoli where macrophages take them up; bacilli then multiply and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and finally to distant organs; can remain ‘alive’ or become ‘inactive’ -Immune system responds which causes damage to the tissues; cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infectionSIGNS/SYMPTOMS -Common symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite -Cough persisting three weeks or more, coughing up blood or sput um, or chest pain when breathing or coughing -If spread, TB of the spine leads to back pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Common symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite -Cough persisting three weeks or more, coughing up blood or sputum, or chest pain when breathing or coughing -If spread, TB of the spine leads to back pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as liver problems, changes in vision, orange/brown colored tears or urine, rash -TB of the bones: joint destruction -TB of the brain: meningitis; swelling TB of liver or kidneys: impaired filtering of waste -TB of the heart: inflammation; fluid collections; impaired pumping abilities; cardiac tamponade COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as liver problems, changes in vision, orange/brown colored tears or urine, rash -TB of the bones: joint destru ction -TB of the brain: meningitis; swelling -TB of liver or kidneys: impaired filtering of waste -TB of the heart: inflammation; fluid collections; impaired pumping abilities; cardiac tamponade TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longer contagious -Inactive TB: antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for six to twelve months; not prescribed to pregnant women; can cause liver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB: INH is also prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; may also receive streptomycin; may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB: everything with active TB with several other drugs; longer treatment; may require surgery to remove damaged lung tissue TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longer contagious -Inactive TB: antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for six to twelve months; not prescribed to pregnant women; can cause li ver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB: INH is also prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; may also receive streptomycin; may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB: everything with active TB with several other drugs; longer treatment; may require surgery to remove damaged lung tissue